Socioeconomic Determinants of Mental Health Disorders among Tea Garden Workers in Bangladesh: Evidence from Lakkatura Tea Estate

Abstract

Background: Tea garden workers in Bangladesh constitute one of the country's most  socioeconomically disadvantaged occupational groups. Poor wages, inadequate housing,  limited educational opportunities, insecure employment, and restricted access to healthcare  may adversely affect their mental health. However, empirical evidence on the socioeconomic  determinants of mental health disorders among this population remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to examine the socioeconomic determinants of mental health disorders  among tea garden workers in Bangladesh and identify the major factors associated with their  psychological well-being. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was  employed. Primary data were collected from 30 tea garden workers residing in the  Lakkhatura Tea Garden, Sylhet, using a structured interview schedule. Respondents were  selected through purposive sampling. Descriptive statistical techniques, including frequencies  and percentages, were used to analyze the data. Results: The findings revealed that  respondents experienced multiple socioeconomic disadvantages. Most participants had low  educational attainment (43.33% illiterate), while 80% belonged to ultra-poor or economically  insufficient households. Low wages (40.0%), inadequate and unhygienic accommodation  (36.67%), workplace accidents (53.33%), limited healthcare services (33.33%), and job  insecurity (33.33%) were common concerns. Economic crisis (33.33%), health risks  (26.67%), and excessive work load (23.33%) were the leading causes of depression and  anxiety. Furthermore, many respondents reported loss of confidence (53.34%), feelings of  worthlessness (53.33%), difficulties in coping with life challenges (43.33%), and perceived  life as a constant struggle (63.33%). Nearly half (46.67%) were not hopeful about their  future. Conclusion: Socioeconomic deprivation is strongly associated with poor mental  health among tea garden workers in Bangladesh. Improving wages, occupational safety,  housing conditions, healthcare access, educational opportunities, and psychosocial support is  essential for promoting mental well-being and reducing mental health inequalities within this  marginalized population.