Dystocia Due to Dicephalic Monster Fetus in Buffalo Relieved by Fetotomy

Abstract

Dystocia caused by foetal monstrosities is an important obstetric emergency in buffaloes, often requiring prompt intervention to save the dam. The present case describes the successful management of dystocia caused by a dicephalic foetal monster in an 8-year-old Marathwadi buffalo in its fifth parity. The buffalo was presented after 16 hours of straining with ruptured foetal membranes and partial protrusion of both forelimbs and one head through the vulva. Per-vaginal examination revealed an anterior longitudinal presentation, dorso-sacral position, bilaterally extended forelimbs, and a second head attached at the cervical region, confirming a dicephalic monster foetus. Considering the prolonged dystocia and poor condition of the dam, a percutaneous partial fetotomy was performed. One head was amputated at the cervical attachment, followed by correction of the remaining head and delivery of the foetus by controlled traction. Post-delivery treatment included intrauterine antibiotics, fluid therapy, oxytocin, corticosteroids, systemic antibiotics, antihistaminics, and analgesics for five days. Radiographic and post-mortem examination of the monster confirmed duplication of the head, pharynx, oesophagus, and cervical vertebrae, with a single thoraco-abdominal cavity. The buffalo recovered uneventfully, demonstrating that partial fetotomy is an effective and economical alternative to caesarean section for managing dystocia caused by simple dicephalic foetal monsters.