Local Perception on Environmental Impact of Coal Mining in Odisha, India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/sajssh.2026.7506Keywords:
Coal mining, Environmental impact, local perception and Logit modelAbstract
Coal mining contributes significantly to a nation's growth and development but also threatens the environment and health. This research examines local perceptions of coal mining's impact in Odisha. A household survey was conducted in five villages surrounding the Bhubaneswari, Bharatpur and Lingaraj coal mining regions. The research draws on the local community's views on environmental degradation due to coal mining. Findings revealed that 82 per cent of respondents reported changes in forest cover, 78 per cent believed air and water quality had deteriorated, and 59 per cent reported wildlife and biodiversity loss. Water issues in the mining area are a serious concern. 78 per cent reported poor water quality. This study used a logistic regression model to analyse the relationship between air quality status and forest resource loss, biodiversity loss, fuel use and dust pollution. Biodiversity loss is a significant predictor. Although Mahanadi Coalfield Limited has adopted measures under CSR and sustainable development initiatives, only a minority of households report satisfaction with their effectiveness. The results highlight the paradox of coal mining in Odisha: economic benefits are widespread, but environmental externalities burden local communities, reflecting elements of the resource curse hypothesis. The study underscores the need for stronger institutional frameworks, transparent governance, and coordinated policies among local communities, the state government, and coal mining companies to mitigate long-term ecological problems. This research work contributed to the broader theoretical discourse on natural resource governance by linking the findings to the resource curse hypothesis.
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