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Home▶ Journals▶ Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Biotechnology▶Archive▶Vol. 22 No. 5 (2026)▶Mapping Ovarian Status: Antral Follicle Count and Plasma…
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Research Article

Mapping Ovarian Status: Antral Follicle Count and Plasma Anti-Müllerian Hormone Correlation as Determinants of GPG Protocol Efficacy in Anestrus and Cystic Cows

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Happy R Chaudhary — Department of Veterinary Gynaecology & Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar-385506, Gujarat, India
Haresh C Nakhashi — Department of Veterinary Gynaecology & Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar-385506, Gujarat, India
Bhautik N Saripadiya — Department of Veterinary Gynaecology & Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Anand-38001, Gujarat, India
Pankaj A Patel — Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar-385506, Gujarat, India
Jagdish D Chaudhari — Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar-385506, Gujarat, India
Published 22 Aug 2026 Vol. 22 No. 5 (2026), pp. 128-132 ● Open access
❝ How to cite 🔗 https://doi.org/10.48165/ijvsbt.22.5.24
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Abstract

Evaluating ovarian functional reserve is essential for managing reproductive disorders in high-yielding dairy cattle. This study investigated  the relationship between plasma Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) concentrations and Antral Follicle Count (AFC) in postpartum crossbred  cows affected by anestrus and cystic ovarian degeneration (COD) following a Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone-Prostaglandin-Gonadotropin  (GPG) therapeutic protocol. Thirty postpartum crossbred cows (2nd -4th parity) were allocated into three groups (n=10 each): Group I (COD),  Group II (postpartum anestrus), and Group III (normal cyclic control). Reproductive status was assessed using transrectal ultrasonography and  per-rectal palpation. All cows received a standardized GPG protocol. Blood samples and ultrasonographic examinations were performed on  Days 0 and 9 to evaluate plasma AMH concentrations and AFC. At Day 0, cyclic and COD cows exhibited significantly higher AFC (22.40±2.30  and 23.10±2.64, respectively) than anestrus cows (13.30±1.23; p<0.01). Plasma AMH concentrations followed a similar pattern, with lower  values in anestrus cows (229.50±24.18 ng/L) than in cyclic (300.97±24.36 ng/L) and COD cows (301.97±27.30 ng/L). Following treatment,  AFC increased significantly in all groups, with the greatest improvement observed in anestrus cows (28.70±1.71; p<0.001). Plasma AMH  concentrations also increased significantly (p<0.05) in cyclic, anestrus, and COD cows. Strong positive correlations were observed between  AFC and plasma AMH both before (r=0.799; p<0.001) and after treatment (r=0.708; p<0.001). Estrus induction and conception rates were  highest in cyclic cows (90.0% and 66.7%), followed by COD (70.0% and 57.1%) and anestrus cows (60.0% and 50.0%). Although AMH showed  a positive association with treatment response, its predictive value for conception was limited (AUC=0.665; p>0.05). Overall, plasma AMH  reliably reflected AFC and follicular activity, while the GPG protocol effectively enhanced folliculogenesis in anestrus and COD-affected cows. 

 

KeywordsAnestrusAnti-Müllerian hormoneAntral follicle countCrossbred cowsCystic ovarian degenerationGPG protocol.&nbsp

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