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Home▶ Journals▶ Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Biotechnology▶Archive▶Vol. 22 No. 5 (2026)▶Comparative Evaluation of Whiteside Test, Endometrial…
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Research Article

Comparative Evaluation of Whiteside Test, Endometrial  Cytology and Uterine Lavage Optical Density for Diagnosis of  Endometritis in Postpartum Crossbred Cows

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Kunal Devlekar — Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mumbai Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai-400012, MAFSU, Maharashtra, India
Sandeep Gaikwad — Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mumbai Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai-400012, MAFSU, Maharashtra, India
Nilesh Dagli — Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mumbai Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai-400012, MAFSU, Maharashtra, India
Ravindra Chaudhari — Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mumbai Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai-400012, MAFSU, Maharashtra, India
Nidhi Shingatgeri — Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Mumbai Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai-400012, MAFSU, Maharashtra, India
Rajesh Pharande — Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Mumbai Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai-400012, MAFSU, Maharashtra, India
Published 25 Aug 2026 Vol. 22 No. 5 (2026), pp. 28-31 ● Open access
❝ How to cite 🔗 https://doi.org/10.48165/ijvsbt.22.5.06
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Abstract

The present study was conducted to evaluate Whiteside test (WST), endometrial cytology and uterine lavage sample optical density  (ULSOD) for diagnosis of endometritis in postpartum crossbred cows. A total of 34 cows between 30-45 days in milk were screened under  field conditions. Endometrial cytology samples collected using cytobrush technique were examined for polymorphonuclear neutrophil  (PMN) cells, and samples with ≥10% PMNs were considered positive. Whiteside test was performed using cervico-vaginal mucus and  5% sodium hydroxide solution, while uterine lavage samples were analysed spectrophotometrically at 620 nm. Optical density (OD)  values ≥0.052 were considered positive for uterine inflammation. The incidence of endometritis recorded by cytology, WST and ULSOD  was 73.53, 73.53 and 58.82%, respectively. Based on WST, 23.53, 35.29 and 14.71% cows showed mild, moderate and strong positive  reactions, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic accuracy and kappa value  for ULSOD were 72, 77, 90, 50, 73.52% and 0.46, respectively, while corresponding values for WST were 92, 77.8, 92, 77.8, 88.23% and  0.72. The findings indicated that endometrial cytology remains a reliable diagnostic method, while WST serves as a rapid and economical  field screening test and ULSOD provides an objective quantitative assessment of uterine inflammation. 

 

KeywordsEndometritisCytologyULSODWhiteside testPostpartum cows

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