Biocontrol Mechanisms of Bacillus sp. and Its Application as a Bionanocomposite Against Rhizoctonia solani
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/Keywords:
Antifungal activity, Bacillus sp, Rhizoctonia solani, biocontrol, bionanocomposite, Refae RefaeAbstract
Black scurf disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a main yield limiting factor for potato tuber production as it leads to plant death. The present study aimed to isolate naturally occurring antagonistic bacteria that could control R. solani. Bacillus sp. was selected among of 84 isolates secured from rhizosphere of healthy potato plant based on its ability to suppress the growth of the pathogen R. solani. Phylogenetic analysis of this strain based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed highest similarity (99%) with Bacillus sp.; it was deposited in the GenBank under the accession number of MK030136. The strain culture filtrate containing protease, diffusible antibiotic, hydrogen cyanide and siderophore was capable of inhibiting growth of the pathogen up to 15 days compared to 7 and 10 days for other Bacillus isolates. It also produces indole acetic acid which promoted plant growth. Morphological and structural changes that took place as a result of Bacillus sp. and R. solani interaction were evaluated using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The results showed that Bacillus sp. caused loss of structural integrity, abnormal coiling, shriveling and lysis of the R. solani hyphae, in addition to complete cytoplasm and internal organelles depletion. The Bacillus sp. under study was immobilized on nanoclay to form a bionanocomposite, which was stable and exhibited the biocontrol efficiency along 8 months storage. Both in vitro and greenhouse experiments showed high inhibition of R. solani radial growth. Results indicate that the prepared bionanocomposite is a promising alternative to the commercial products.
References
Adhikari, A., Dutta, S., Nandi, S., Bhattacharya, I., DeRoy, M., Sarkar, G., & Mandal, T. (2013). Antagonistic potentiality of native rhizobacterial isolates against root rot disease of okra, incited by Rhizoctonia solani. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(4), 405.
Ajayi-Oyetunde, O. O., & Bradley, C. A. (2018). Rhizoctonia solani: Taxonomy, population biology and management of Rhizoctonia seedling disease of soybean. Plant Pathology, 67, 3.
Ben Khedher, S., Kilani-Feki, O., Dammak, M., Khiareddine, H., Remadi, M., & Tounsi, S. (2015). Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis V26 as a biological control agent against Rhizoctonia solani on potato. Journal of Plant Biology and Pathology, 1631.
Bharucha, U., Patel, K., & Trivedi, U. (2013). Optimization of indole acetic acid production by Pseudomonas putida UB1 and its effect as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on mustard (Brassica nigra). Journal of Agricultural Research, 2249.
Biswas, B., Chakraborty, A., Sarkar, B., & Naidu, R. (2017). Structural changes in smectite due to interaction with a biosurfactant-producing bacterium Pseudoxanthomonas kaohsiungensis. Applied Clay Science, 136, 51.
Chaurasia, B., Pandey, A., Palni, L., Trivedi, P., Kumar, B., & Colvin, N. (2005). Diffusible and volatile compounds produced by an antagonistic Bacillus subtilis strain cause structural deformations in pathogenic fungi in vitro. Microbiological Research, 160, 75.
Edwards, U., Rogall, T., Blöcker, H., Emde, M., & Böttger, E. C. (1989). Isolation and direct complete nucleotide determination of entire genes: Characterization of a gene coding for 16S ribosomal RNA. Nucleic Acids Research, 19, 7843.
El-Bendary, M., Hamed, H., & Moharam, M. (2016). Potential of Bacillus isolates as biocontrol agents against some fungal phytopathogens. Journal of Biotechnology and Agricultural Biotechnology, 5, 173.
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2009). International year of the potato 2008: New light on a hidden treasure. Food and Agriculture Organization.
Food and Agriculture Organization. (2014). FAOSTAT statistical databases. Food and Agriculture Organization.
Fathima, A., Rao, J. R., & Nair, B. U. (2012). Trivalent chromium removal from tannery effluent using kaolin-supported bacterial biofilm of Bacillus sp. isolated from chromium-polluted soil. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 87, 271.
Ghormade, V., Deshpande, M. V., & Panikar, K. M. (2011). Perspectives for nanobiotechnology-enabled protection and nutrition of plants. Biotechnology Advances, 29, 792.
Gong, A., Li, H., Yuan, Q., Song, X., Wei, W., He, J., Zhang, J., & Liao, Y. (2015). Antagonistic mechanism of iturin A and plipastatin A from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S76-3 from wheat spikes against Fusarium graminearum. PLoS ONE, 10(2), e0116871.
Gordon, S. A., & Weber, R. P. (1951). Colorimetric estimation of indole acetic acid. Plant Physiology, 26, 192.
Idris, A., Labuschagne, N., & Korsten, L. (2009). Efficacy of rhizobacteria for growth promotion in sorghum under greenhouse conditions and selected modes of action studies. Journal of Agricultural Science, 147, 17.
Jadhav, H. P., Shaikh, S. S., & Sayyed, R. Z. (2017). Role of hydrolytic enzymes of rhizoflora in biocontrol of fungal phytopathogens: An overview. In S. Mehnaaz (Ed.), Rhizotrophs: Plant growth promotion to bioremediation (p. 183).
Jamalizadeh, M., Etebrian, H. R., Aminian, H., & Alizadeh, A. (2011). A review of mechanisms of action of biological control organisms against post-harvest fruit spoilage. Bulletin, 41, 65.
Klein, M. N., da Silva, A. C., & Kupper, K. C. (2016). Bacillus subtilis-based formulation for the control of postbloom fruit drop of citrus. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 32.
Kumar, G. P., Kishore, N., Amalraj, E. L. D., Ahmed, S. K. M. H., Rasul, A., & Desai, S. (2012). Evaluation of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. with single and multiple PGPR traits for plant growth promotion of sorghum in combination with AM fungi. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 67, 133.
Kumar, K., Yellareddygari, S., Reddy, M. S., Kloepper, J. W., Lawrence, K. S., Miller, M. E., Sudini, H., Reddy, E., Zhou, X. G., & Groth, D. E. (2013). Ultrastructural studies on the interaction between Bacillus subtilis MBI 600 (Integral) and the rice sheath blight pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 7(19), 2078.
Kumar, M., Singh, J., Kumar, S., & Kumar, A. (2017). A comprehensive overview on black scurf of potato. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(10), 4981.
Ma, X., Wang, X., Cheng, J., Nie, X., Yu, X., Zhao, Y., & Wang, W. (2015). Microencapsulation of Bacillus subtilis B99-2 and its biocontrol efficiency against Rhizoctonia solani in tomato. Biological Control, 90, 34.
Montealegre, J., Rodrigo, R., María, L., & Herrera, R. (2003). Selection of bioantagonistic bacteria to be used in biological control of Rhizoctonia solani in tomato. Journal of Biotechnology, 6, 115.
Nandi, M., Selin, C., Brawerman, G., Fernando, W. G., & de Kievit, T. (2017). Hydrogen cyanide, which contributes to Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain PA23 biocontrol, is upregulated in the presence of glycine. Biological Control, 108, 47.
Raupach, G. S., & Kloepper, J. W. (1998). Mixtures of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance biological control of multiple cucumber pathogens. Phytopathology, 88, 1158.
Parija, S. C., & Prabhakar, P. K. (1995). Evaluation of lactophenol cotton blue for wet mount preparation of feces. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1019.
Patten, C. L., & Glick, B. R. (2002). Role of Pseudomonas putida indole acetic acid in development of the host plant root system. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68, 3795.
Shafi, J., Tian, H., & Ji, M. (2017). Bacillus species as versatile weapons for plant pathogens: A review. Biotechnology and Agricultural Environment, 31, 446.
Shanmuga, P. K., Gnanamani, A., Radhakrishnan, N., & Babu, M. (2002). Antimicrobial activity of Datura alba. Indian Drugs, 39, 113.
Sneath, P. H. A., Mair, N. S., Sharpe, M. E., & Holt, J. G. (1986). Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology (Vol. 2). Williams & Wilkins.
Szczech, M., & Shoda, M. (2006). The effect of mode of application of Bacillus subtilis RB14-C on its efficacy as a biocontrol agent against Rhizoctonia solani. Journal of Phytopathology, 154, 370.
Tavanaei, M., Shirvani, M., & Bakhtiary, S. (2017). Adhesion of Pseudomonas putida onto palygorskite and sepiolite clay minerals. Geomicrobiology Journal, 34, 677.
Tariq, M., Yasmin, S., & Fauzia, Y. H. (2010). Biological control of potato black scurf by rhizosphere-associated bacteria. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 41, 439.
Thakaew, R., & Niamsup, H. (2013). Inhibitory activity of Bacillus subtilis BCC 6327 metabolites against growth of aflatoxigenic fungi isolated from bird chili powder. International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, 3, 27.
Torres, M., Brandan, C., Sabaté, D., Petroselli, G., Balsells, R., & Audisio, M. (2017). Biological activity of the lipopeptide-producing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens PGPBacCA1 on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pathogens. Biological Control, 105, 93.
Tortora, M., Díaz-Ricci, J., & Pedraza, R. (2011). Azospirillum brasilense siderophores with antifungal activity against Colletotrichum acutatum. Archives of Microbiology, 193, 275.
Tourney, J., & Ngwenya, B. T. (2014). The role of bacterial extracellular polymeric substances in geomicrobiology. Chemical Geology, 386, 115.
Yáñez-Mendizábal, V., Viñas, I., Usall, J., Torres, R., Solsona, C., Abadias, M., & Teixidó, N. (2012). Formulation development of the biocontrol agent Bacillus subtilis strain CPA-8 by spray-drying. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 112, 954.
Yang, H., & Sung, Y. (2011). Biocontrol of mildew with Bacillus subtilis in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) seeds during germination. Scientia Horticulturae, 130, 38.
Zhang, B., Dong, C., Shang, Q., Han, Y., & Li, P. (2013). New insights into membrane-active action in plasma membranes of fungal hyphae by the lipopeptide antibiotic bacillomycin L. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1828, 2230.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
