Estimation of Transfer of Pollutants from Discharge of Thermal Power Plant
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21608/jntas.2022.129809.1050Keywords:
Natural radionuclides, Pollutants transfer, Suez bay, Thermal power plant, Mathematical modelAbstract
The once -through cooling system of the Suez thermal power plant was chosen to simulate its marine environment impact as a cooling system that may be used in the suggested Egyptian nuclear power plants (ENPPs). To achieve this study, the activity concentrations of their natural radionuclides (238U, 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) in the collected water samples from the discharge of the Suez cooling system and Suez bay water were measured using a gamma-ray spectrometer. In addition, the physical and chemical properties of the samples were measured. The results of the average activity concentration of natural radionuclides 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were 0.053, 0.04, 0.057, and 13.2 Bq/L which were within the permissible limits. The measured activity concentrations of natural radionuclides were used as inputs data in the computer model which uses the mathematical equations to indicate the activity concentration along the Suez coastal waters. It is found that with increasing the distance from the discharge point reached the lowest values of radionuclides concentration 238U, 226Ra, 232Th (0.00351, 0.0, and 0.0 Bq/m3) respectively at the distance 3,500 m from the point of discharge.
References
Abdel-Aal, E. A., Farid, M. E., Hassan, F. S. M., & Mohamed, A. E. (2015). Desalination of Red Sea water using both electrodialysis and reverse osmosis as complementary methods. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 24, 71.
Ahmed, M., Shayya, W. H., Hoey, D., & Al-Handaly, J. (2001). Brine disposal from reverse osmosis desalination plants in Oman and the United Arab Emirates. Desalination, 133, 147.
American Public Health Association. (1995). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (19th ed.). American Public Health Association.
Bing, L., Yao, J., & Liqing, Q. (2011). Research on the model of Nam Co Lake water level evolution based on GIS. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 10, 1513.
Boyd, C. E. (2020). Typical chemical characteristics of full-strength seawater: A guide for preparing artificial seawater.
Elfatih, B. A. E. (2010). Tides analysis in the Red Sea in Port Sudan and Gizan (M.Sc. thesis, Physical Oceanography). University of Bergen.
Environmental Health and Safety Guidelines. (2017). Thermal power plants: General guidelines.
Environmental Protection Authority. (2020). State of the environment. New South Wales, Australia.
Madah, F., Mayerle, R., Bruss, G., & Bento, J. (2015). Characteristics of tides in the Red Sea region: A numerical model study. Open Journal of Marine Science, 5, 193–209.
Harb, S., El-Kamel, A. H., Abd El-Mageed, A. I., Abbady, A., & Rashed, W. (2008). Concentration of U-238, U-235, Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 for some granite samples in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. In Proceedings of the 3rd Environmental Physics Conference (pp. 19–23), Aswan, Egypt.
Hem, J. D. (1989). Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural waters (3rd ed., U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2254).
Abd El-Azim, H. (2012). Pollution impacts of industrial activities in Suez Bay with mitigation proposals (Review article).
Horne, R. A. (1969). Marine chemistry: The structure of water and the chemistry of the hydrosphere. John Wiley & Sons.
International Atomic Energy Agency. (2001). Generic models for use in assessing the impact of discharges of radioactive substances to the environment (Safety Reports Series No. 19). International Atomic Energy Agency.
Till, J. E., & Grogan, H. (2008). Radiological risk assessment and environmental analysis. Oxford University Press.
Tsou, J. L., Maulbetsch, J., & Shi, J. (2013). Power plant cooling system overview for researchers and technology developers. Electric Power Research Institute.
Kumar, N. D., Kumar, S., Shukla, V., Shukla, P., & Raj, B. (2018). Spatio-temporal variations in hydro-geochemistry of groundwater at rural, urban and industrial areas of Kanpur, India. Environment, Sustainability, 1, 197.
Hafızoğlu, M. N., Sahin, L., Ganioğlu, E., Ağgez, G., Baştemur, G. Y., & İse, P. (2020). Assessment of natural and anthropogenic radioactivity of the Princes Islands in the sea. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 231, 261.
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. (2019). Statement of need and reasonableness: Proposed amendments to rules governing water quality standards—Class 2 and Class 7 use designations (Minn. R. ch. 7050; Revisor’s ID No. 4561). Minnesota legislative archive
National Environmental Quality Standards. (2000). Standards for municipal and liquid industrial effluents.
Odfield, J. W., & Todd, B. (1997). Environmental aspects of corrosion in MSF and RO desalination plants. Desalination, 108, 736.
Schroeder, K., Cozzi, S., Belgacem, M., Borghini, M., Cantoni, C., Durante, S., Petrizzo, A., Poiano, A., & Chiggiato, J. (2020). Along-path evolution of biogeochemical and carbonate system properties in the intermediate water of the Western Mediterranean. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 375.
Schroeder, K., Chiggiato, J., Josey, S. A., Borghini, M., Aracri, S., & Sparnocchia, S. (2017). Rapid response to climate change in a marginal sea. Scientific Reports, 7, 4065.
Shahzad, M. W., Ng, K. C., & Thu, K. (2016). Future energy benchmark for desalination: Is it better to have a power (electricity) plant with RO or MED/MSF? International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series, 42, 1660172.
Tech manual excerpt: Water chemistry and pretreatment, feedwater type and analysis (Rev. 4). (2020).
The Egyptian Electricity Holding Company. (2010). Summary: Suez 650 MW steam cycle thermal power plant project.
World Health Organization. (2011). Guidelines for drinking-water quality (4th ed.). World Health Organization.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
