Carbon Dioxide Cryoepilation for Canine Distichiasis: A Report of Four Cases

Abstract

Distichiasis is a clinically significant eyelid disorder in dogs, characterized by the abnormal emergence of cilia from the meibomian gland openings rather than the normal eyelash line. These ectopic hairs though sometimes asymptomatic frequently cause ocular irritation through constant friction against the corneal surface. Clinical manifestations range from mild epiphora, conjunctivitis to severe blepharospasm and corneal ulceration which can compromise vision and quality of life (Marchini et al., 2024). The condition is reported more commonly in predisposed exotic breeds, those are suspected to have a hereditary basis although the exact mode of inheritance remains unclear (Verloop and Read, 2023). As per the authors experience, it is also seen in Rajapalayam and non-descript dogs. Conventional management strategies including manual epilation provide only temporary relief due to follicular persistence, while surgical and non-surgical permanent techniques often carry risks of scarring, eyelid distortion or pigmentary changes (Singh, 2002; Verloop and Read, 2023). Cryoepilation has emerged as a minimally invasive alternative offering targeted follicular destruction with preservation of eyelid anatomy (Verloop and Read, 2023; Reynolds et al., 2023). The present case series documents the clinical management of eight eyes (4 canine patients) with distichiasis using carbon dioxide-based cryoepilation as an effective practical option for permanent resolution of distichiasis.