Urological and Ultrasonographic Studies on Kidney Diseases in Dogs in Udaipur Region of Rajasthan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/ijvsbt.2026.22.06.03Keywords:
Dog, Urinalysis, AKI, CKD, ProteinuriaAbstract
The objective of present study was early diagnosis of renal failure in dogs by simple laboratory procedure of urinalysis. A total of 1,524 cases of dogs suffering from different ailments were registered at Veterinary Clinical Complex of College and Veterinary Polyclinic, Udaipur. Dogs were suspected for kidney diseases on the basis of history and presenting clinical signs. Though detailed urinalysis, haemato-biochemical changes and ultra sonographic examination, 48 dogs were confirmed for kidney diseases. Total of 20 dogs with kidney diseases were included in study, i.e., 10 dogs affected with acute kidney injury (AKI) and 10 with Chronic kidney disease (CKD), and 10 healthy dogs served as control. Urine samples from dogs of all three groups were collected by catheterization method and subjected to physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. On physical examination, the colour of urine of dogs was found to vary from pale yellow, dark yellow, yellow-brown, to red colour and transparency from clear to turbid with AKI and CKD. Dipstick urinalysis revealed highly significantly (p
Downloads
References
Athaley, A., Bhojne, G. R., Khanolkar, V. M., Dhoot, V. M., Upadhye, S. V., & Panchbhai, C. K. (2018). Urine analysis and ultrasonographic findings of dogs suffering from renal failure. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(10), 1971–1977.
Berg, B., Hellsing, K., Jagenburg, R., & Kallner, A. (1989). Guidelines for evaluation of reagent strips. Exemplified by analysis of urine albumin and glucose concentration using visually read reagent strips: IFCC document. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 49(7), 689–699.
Bragato, N., Borges, N. C., & Fioravanti, M. C. (2017). B-mode and Doppler ultrasound of chronic kidney disease in dogs and cats. Veterinary Research Communications, 41, 307–315.
Chaitanya, Y. (2020). Clinico-diagnostic and therapeutic studies on renal disease in dogs [Ph.D. thesis]. Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Chand, A. B. M., Dey, S., De, U. K., Saxena, A. C., Raguvaran, R., Shanavas, A., S. Anandu, Thakur, N. S., Yadav, I., Dahiya, A., & Mahendran, K. (2024). Occurrence of renal disorders and associated clinico-epidemiological factors in dogs of Bareilly region of Uttar Pradesh, India. International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, 8(4), 354–359.
Coles, E. H. (1986). Veterinary clinical pathology (4th ed.). W. B. Saunders.
d’Anjou, M. A., & Penninck, D. (2015). Kidney & ureters. In D. Penninck & M. A. d’Anjou (Eds.), Atlas of small animal ultrasonography (2nd ed., pp. 331–361). Wiley Blackwell.
Dehmiwal, D., Behl, S. M., Singh, P., Tayal, R., Pal, M., & Chandolia, R. K. (2015). Diagnosis of urinary bladder diseases in dogs by using two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonography. Veterinary World, 8(7), 819–822.
Di-Bartola, S. P. (2005). Clinical approach and laboratory evaluation of renal disease. In S. J. Ettinger & E. C. Feldman (Eds.), Textbook of veterinary internal medicine: Diseases of the dog and cat (6th ed., pp. 1716–1730). W. B. Saunders.
Jayaraja, K., Hamsa-Yamini, S., & Thirunavukkarasu, P. S. (2015). Sonographic evaluation of kidneys in dogs with acute and chronic kidney disease. International Journal of Advanced Research, 3(9), 555–564.
Kandula, S., & Karlapudi, S. K. (2015). Urinalysis: A critical laboratory test for diagnosis of renal insufficiency in dogs. Animal Science Reporter, 9(2), 75–80.
Karunanithy, M. (2019). Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the management of kidney diseases in dogs [Ph.D. thesis]. Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Katoch, A., Wadhwa, D. R., & Sharma, A. (2017). Epidemiological observations on canine renal disorders. Himachal Journal of Agricultural Research, 43(2), 135–138.
Mareschal, A., D’Anjou, M. A., Moreau, M., Alexander, K., & Beauregard, G. (2007). Ultrasonographic measurement of kidney-to-aorta ratio as a method of estimating renal size in dogs. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 48(5), 434–438.
Meyers, T., Scholey, J., & Brenner, B. (1991). Nephron adaptation to renal injury. In F. Rector (Ed.), The kidney (6th ed., pp. 1871–1908). Saunders.
Oburai, L. N., VaikuntaRao, V., & Naik, B. R. (2015). Clinical and nephrosonographic findings in canine chronic renal failure: A prospective study. International Organization of Scientific Research Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 8(6), 11–16.
Osborne, C. A., Low, D. G., & Finco, D. R. (1972). Canine and feline urology. W. B. Saunders Company.
Punia, M., Gulia, D., Kumar, A., & Charaya, G. (2018). Evaluation of physio-chemical and microscopical changes of urine in dogs with urinary tract infection. Haryana Veterinarian, 57(2), 191–193.
Rimer, D., Chen, H., Bar-Nathan, M., & Segev, G. (2022). Acute kidney injury in dogs: Etiology, clinical and clinicopathologic findings, prognostic markers, and outcome. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 36(2), 609–618.
Rizzi, T. E., Valenciano, A. C., Bowles, M., Cowell, R. L., Tyler, R., & DeNicola, D. B. (2017). Atlas of canine and feline urinalysis. John Wiley & Sons.
Rohini, B. G. (2022). Evaluation of renal resistive index in dogs with acute and chronic renal diseases [M.V.Sc. thesis]. Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, Wayanad, Kerala, India.
Sharma, A., Kachhawa, J. P., Singh, A. P., & Srivastava, M. (2016). Chronic renal failure due to ehrlichiosis in a dog. Indian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 36(2), 138–141.
Sharma, A., Singh, A. P., Kachhawa, J. P., Gupta, S. R., & Sharma, R. (2020). Urine analysis of chronic renal failure suffered dogs. Veterinary Practitioner, 21(2), 216–219.
Shereen. (2021). Diagnostic and therapeutic studies on renal failure in dogs [M.V.Sc. thesis]. Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Slike, H., & George, A. H. (2011). Ultrasonography of the urinary tract. In J. Bartges & D. J. Polzin (Eds.), Nephrology and urology of small animals (1st ed., pp. 128–145). Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Snedechor, G. W., & Cochran, W. G. (1994). Statistical methods (6th ed.). Iowa State University Press.
Subapriya, S., Vairamuthu, S., Chandrasekar, M., Balagangatharathilagar, M., Ramesh, S., Areshkumar, M., & Thangaraj, M. J. (2020). Clinicopathological profile of canine renal disorders. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 8(2), 770–774.
Tufani, N. A., Singh, J. L., Kumar, M., & Rajora, V. S. (2017). Diagnostic evaluation of renal failure in canine with special reference to urinalysis. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5(6), 2354–2364.
Vaden, S. L., Levine, J., & Breitschwerdt, E. B. (1997). A retrospective case-control of acute renal failure in 99 dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 11(2), 58–64.
Wamsley, H., & Alleman, R. (2007). Complete urine analysis. In J. Elliott & G. F. Grauer (Eds.), BSAVA manual of canine and feline nephrology and urology (2nd ed., pp. 87–117). British Small Animal Veterinary Association.
Yadav, S. N., Ahmed, N., Nath, A. J., Mahanta, D., & Kalita, M. K. (2020). Urinalysis in dog and cat: A review. Veterinary World, 13(10), 2133–2141.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Biotechnology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
