Comparative Evaluation of Cytobrush, Whiteside Test and Antimicrobial Sensitivity in Subclinical Endometritis of Repeat Breeding Gir Cows
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/ijvsbt.22.4.20Keywords:
Antibiotic sensitivity, Cytobrush, Repeat breeding, Subclinical endometritis, Whiteside testAbstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of cytobrush technique and Whiteside test for detection of subclinical endometritis (SCE) in repeat breeding cows, along with bacterial isolation and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. A total of 98 repeat breeding cows were screened. Cytobrush examination revealed an incidence of 30.61% SCE, whereas Whiteside test detected 24.49% cases. Considering cytobrush as gold standard, Whiteside test showed sensitivity of 80.00% and specificity of 100%. Mean PMN count was significantly higher in SCE affected cows compared to healthy animals. Bacteriological examination revealed Staphylococcus spp. (36.67%) as predominant organism followed by Escherichia coli (26.67%), Streptococcus spp. (16.67%), Corynebacterium spp. (6.67%), and Bacillus spp. (6.67%). Antibiotic sensitivity testing showed maximum sensitivity to ciprofloxacin followed by gentamicin and levofloxacin. The study concluded that cytobrush technique is more reliable diagnostic tool, whereas Whiteside test can be used as field screening method. Antibiotic therapy should be guided by antimicrobial sensitivity testing to ensure effective treatment and minimize resistance.
Downloads
References
Bazzazan, A., Costa, M., Segura, M., & Lefebvre, R. (2025). Prepartum vaginal microbiota and postpartum uterine microbiota in cows. Clinical Theriogenology, 17, 1-9.
Behera, S., Chandrashekara Murthy, V., Krishnaswamy, A., Kumar, G., Rao, S., & Nagraj, B.N. (2015). Studies on bacterial profile of repeat breeding cows with subclinical endometritis. International Journal of Science and Research, 6(6), 2090-2092.
Bhat, F.A., Bhattacharyya, H.K., & Hussain, S.A. (2013). Bacterial isolation and antibiogram of uterine lavage from repeat breeder cows suffering from subclinical endometritis. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 47(6), 543-548.
Chacko, L., Promod, K., Ravishankar, C., Hiron, M.H., Abdul Azeez, C.P., & John Martin, K.D. (2020). Detection of biofilm forming bacteria and therapeutic efficacy of biofilm disrupting agents with antibiotics in endometritis of crossbred cows. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 9(8), 1590-1600.
CLSI - Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. (2014). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. CLSI document, Wayne, PA, pp. 100-124.
Dutt, R., Singh, G., Singh, M., Sharma, M., Dalal, J., & Chandolia, R.K. (2017). Diagnosis of subclinical endometritis in Murrah buffaloes through cytobrush technique. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, 6(11), 494-499.
Iancu, I., Popa, S.A., Degi, J., Gligor, A., Popa, I., Iorgoni, V., & Herman, V. (2025). Aerobic uterine pathogens in dairy cattle: Surveillance and antimicrobial resistance profiles in postpartum endometritis. Antibiotics, 14(7), 650-663.
Khalifa, E., Zaki, S.A., & Ghallab, R.S. (2025). Molecular identification and sequencing of uterine bacterial infection associated with subfertility problems and suggested treatment protocols in Arabian mares. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 71(185), 240-258.
Kumar, M., Pant, S.S., Ramsharan, R., Salendra, K., & Gupta, P.K. (2014). Therapeutic efficacy of levofloxacin along with vitamin-E for the management of repeat breeding syndrome in cows under field condition. International Journal of Veterinary Science, 3(3), 155-157.
Kumar, S., Bhardwaz, A., Srivastava, A.K., Rao, M., & Kumar, N. (2015). Whiteside test - A field test on the cervical mucus of cows for diagnosis of endometritis. Intas Polivet, 16(2), 207-214.
Kumar, S., Dholpuria, S., Chaudhary, A.K., Purohit, G.N., Nirwan, S.S., Kumar, A., Kumar, A., & Nain, S. (2023). The incidence of subclinical endometritis in repeat breeding dairy cows and the comparative efficacy of different antibiotics and herbal intrauterine therapy. Veterinarski Arhiv, 93(3), 299-306.
Mandhwani, R., Bhardwaz, A., Kumar, S., Shivhare, M., & Aich, R. (2017). Insights into bovine endometritis with special reference to phytotherapy. Veterinary World, 10(12), 1529-1532.
Manjhi, V.K., Bajaj, N.K., Shukla, S.P., Shrivastava, N., Kaurav, P.S., & Thakur, R.K. (2019). Bacterial isolation and antibiogram of uterine lavage from repeat breeder cows suffering from subclinical endometritis. Journal of Animal Research, 9(2), 293-296.
Nath, A.K., Ray, K., & Das, A. (2024) Incidence of bovine endometritis and antibiogram of isolated pathogens in West Tripura District, Tripura. International Journal of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, 9(1), 1-5.
Ozturkler, Y. (2025). Relationship between uterus infections and fertility in cattle. Vestnik of Shakarim University. Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences Series, 1(3), 93-103.
Pande, M., Kumar, S., Soni, Y.K., Prasad, N., & Chand, N. (2025). Cytological, bacteriological and antibiogram studies for the management of uterine infection in repeat breeder bovines. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 59(3), 342-349.
Parikh, S.S. (2021). Comparative studies on different diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches for postpartum subclinical endometritis in Gir cows. Ph. D. Thesis. Kamdhenu University, Gujarat, India.
Quinn, P.J., Carter, M.E., Markey, B., & Carter, G.R. (1994). Bacterial pathogens: Microscopy, culture and identification. Clinical Veterinary Microbiology, 20, 21-58.
Rashid, M.H., Pascottini, O.B., Xie, L., Niazi, M., Lietaer, L., Comlekcioglu, U., & Opsomer, G. (2025). Shotgun metagenomic composition, microbial interactions and functional insights into the uterine microbiome of postpartum dairy cows with clinical and subclinical endometritis. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 1-22.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Biotechnology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
