Skip to content
Home▶ Journals▶ Indian Journal of Extension Education▶Archive▶Vol. 62 No. 1 (2026)▶Design and Validation of a Scale to Assess Dairy Farmers’…
Indian Journal of Extension Education
Indian Journal of Extension Education ›
Online ISSN 2454-552X
Submit your paper About the journal
Research Tool

Design and Validation of a Scale to Assess Dairy Farmers’ Attitudes toward Climate Resilient Dairy Farming

, , , ,
Waris Ali — Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Extension Education, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
Saikat Maji — Assistant Professor, Department of Extension Education, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
Suman Roy — Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Extension Education, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
Shalu Srivastava — Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Extension Education, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
M Chennamadhava — Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Extension Education, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published 29 Dec 2025 Vol. 62 No. 1 (2026), pp. 171-175 ● Open access
❝ How to cite 🔗 https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2026.621RT06
Formats:PDF ● Open access
Download PDF

Abstract

The study, carried out in 2025, aimed to develop a tool for assessing dairy farmers’ attitudes toward climate-resilient dairy farming practices. For this purpose, an attitude scale was created using a Likert-type scale development method. Initially, 50 statements were compiled (both positive and negative) together and later improved in accordance with Edward’s fourteen principles for constructing scales. The overall mean relevancy score obtained was 3.191. In a non-sampling area, a pilot study involving 60 farmers was undertaken, after which 27 statements were kept for subsequent analysis. Subsequently, after calculating the t-values for all statements, 23 had t-values of 1.75 or higher. A Cronbach’s alpha of 0.732 indicated the scale’s internal consistency, and the scale’s content validity was determined based on the experts’ evaluation. This completed scale is suitable for measuring the attitude of dairy farmers toward climate-responsive dairy practices in the current research setting, and with proper contextual adjustments, it can be used in other regions as well. 

 

KeywordsAttitudesClimate resilientContent validityCronbach’s alphaDairy farmersGuttman split-half coefficientLikert scaleSpearman-brown coefficient

The full text of this article is available as a PDF.

Download PDF
  1. Banerjee, D., Mukherjee, J., Das, T. K., Das, P. K., Ghosh, P. R., & Das, K. (2023). Impacts of climate variability and extreme weather conditions on animal husbandry in India: Challenges and strategies. Indian Journal of Animal Health, 62(2), 86–96. https://doi.org/10.36062/ijah.2023.spl.04223
  2. Bharat, B., Chapke, R. R., & Kammar, S. (2021). Farmers’ perception about climate change and response strategies. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 58(1), 7–11.
  3. Bossche, P. V. D., & Coetzer, J. A. (2008). Climate change and animal health in Africa. Revue Scientifique et Technique, 27(2), 551–562.
  4. Brijesh, N. S., & Ibrahim, Y. C. (2025). Impact of temperature humidity index (THI) on disease susceptibility in dairy cattle in India: Mechanisms, evidence, and mitigation strategies. International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, 7(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2025.v07i04.54563
  5. Chandra, S., Ghadei, K., Chennamadhava, M., & Ali, W. (2024). Development and validation of a farmer-focused digital literacy scale. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 60(1), 111–115.
  6. Choudhary, B. B., & Sirohi, S. (2022). Economic losses in dairy farms due to heat stress in sub-tropics: Evidence from North Indian Plains. Journal of Dairy Research, 89(2), 141–147.
  7. Ghanghas, B. S., Shehrawat, P. S., & Nain, M. S. (2015). Knowledge of extension professionals regarding impact of climate change in agriculture. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 51(3&4), 125–129.
  8. Gupta, S. K., Nain, M. S., Singh, R., & Mishra, J. R. (2022). Development of scale to measure agripreneurs’ attitude towards entrepreneurial climate. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 58(2), 153–157. https://doi.org/10.48165/IJEE.2022.58237
  9. Kumar, C. A. (2023). Study of socio-economic status of farmers’ management practices at selected dairy farms in Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Animal Research, 13(2), 257–263. https://doi.org/10.30954/2277-940X.02.2023.13
  10. Kumar, R., Slathia, P. S., Peshin, R., & Nain, M. S. (2015). Development of scale to measure attitude of farmers towards rapeseed mustard crop. Journal of Community Mobilization and Sustainable Development, 10(2), 221–224.
  11. Mohapatra, A. S., Behera, R., & Sahu, U. N. (2012). Constraints faced by tribal entrepreneurs in dairy farming enterprise. International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences, 2(7), 171–184.
  12. Özsayın, D. (2023). Dairy farmers’ risk attitudes and their perceptions towards environmental risks in Northwest Turkey. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 34(11), 888–903.
  13. Pandey, A., Gururaj, V. K., Bhardwaj, V., Kumar, A., Das, P., & Singh, G. (2022). Impact of climate change on animal health and animal production. Indian Journal of Animal Health, 61(2), 147–154. https://doi.org/10.36062/ijah.2022.spl.02422
  14. Ramya, H. R., Devi, M. C. A., Naveena, N., & Subhash, S. (2019). Perception of farmers towards integrated farming systems in select agro-climatic zones of Karnataka: A methodological approach. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 55(4), 31–36.
  15. Reddy, A. K. D., Garai, S., Maiti, S., Manjunath, K. V., Panja, A., & Sahani, S. (2023). Construction of scale to measure women farmers’ attitude towards climate-resilient dairy farming practices. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 58(3), 141–144.
  16. Reddy, D. A., Garai, S., Maiti, S., & Manjunath, K. V. (2024). Analysing the impact of climate change on dairy farming as perceived by women farmers: Application of analytical hierarchy process. The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 94(8), 712–716. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v94i8.149393
  17. Saji, S. M., Mallappa, V. K. H., & Rathwa, M. (2023). A tool to measure the attitude of farmers toward conservation agriculture. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 59(2), 118–120.
  18. Shitu, G. A., Nain, M. S., & Kobba, F. (2018). Development of scale for assessing farmers’ attitude towards precision conservation agricultural practices. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 88(3), 499–504.
  19. Singh, P., Ghadei, K., Roy, S., Halder, J., Kumari, J., & Paliwal, H. (2025). Development and standardization of a scale to measure vegetable growers’ attitude towards safety measures in pesticide application. Indian Journal of Extension Education, 61(4), 185–189.
  20. Singh, S., & Ukey, A. (2024). Climate change trends and their impacts on bovine productivity: Precision livestock farming for SDGs and One Health. Indian Journal of Animal Health, 63(2), 20–30. https://doi.org/10.36062/ijah.2024.spl.01024
  21. Upadhyay, R. C., Singh, S. V., Kumar, A., Gupta, S. K., & Ashutosh. (2007). Impact of climate change on milk production of Murrah buffaloes. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 6(Suppl 2), 1329–1332.
  22. Vaske, J. J., Beaman, J., & Sponarski, C. C. (2017). Rethinking internal consistency in Cronbach’s alpha. Leisure Sciences, 39(2), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490400.2015.1127189

Looking up citing articles…

    Creative Commons License

    This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.