Comparative Evaluation of the Shear Bond Strength of Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement, Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement, and Glass Hybrid Restorative Material to Silver Diamine Fluoride-treated Dentin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/ajm.2026.9.02.24Keywords:
Silver diamine fluoride, Shear bond strength, Glass ionomer cementAbstract
Aim: To comparatively evaluate the shear bond strength of conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and glass hybrid restorative material (GHRM) bonded to 38% silver diamine fluoride-treated dentin. Materials and Methods: Forty-five extracted human premolars were prepared to obtain standardized flat dentin surfaces and randomly allocated into three groups (n = 15): Group I—Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (Fuji IX GP Extra), Group II—Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (Fuji II LC), and Group III—Glass Hybrid Restorative Material (Equia Forte HT). Following pretreatment with 38% silver diamine fluoride, the restorative materials were bonded to the dentin surface using Teflon molds. After 24-hour storage and 500 thermocycles, shear bond strength was evaluated using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: The glass hybrid restorative material demonstrated the highest mean shear bond strength, followed by the resin-modified glass ionomer cement, while the conventional glass ionomer cement exhibited the lowest values. The differences among the three groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Among the restorative materials evaluated, the glass hybrid restorative material exhibited superior shear bond strength to SDF-treated dentin, followed by resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Conventional glass ionomer cement demonstrated comparatively lower bond strength. Glass hybrid restorative materials may therefore be considered a suitable restorative option following silver diamine fluoride application in minimally invasive restorative procedures.
References
Pitts, N. B., Zero, D. T., Marsh, P. D., Ekstrand, K., Weintraub, J. A., Ramos-Gomez, F., Tagami, J., Twetman, S., Tsakos, G., & Ismail, A. (2017). Dental caries. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 3, 17030. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.30
Sharma, G., Puranik, M. P., & K. R. S. (2015). Approaches to arresting dental caries: An update. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 9(5), ZE08–ZE11.
Xu, G. Y., Zhao, I. S., Lung, C. Y. K., Yin, I. X., Lo, E. C. M., & Chu, C. H. (2024). Silver compounds for caries management. International Dental Journal, 74(2), 179–186.
Mei, M. L., Zhao, I. S., Ito, L., Lo, E. C., & Chu, C. H. (2016). Prevention of secondary caries by silver diamine fluoride. International Dental Journal, 66(2), 71–77.
Miller, M. B., López, L. A., & Quock, R. L. (2016). Silver diamine fluoride, potassium iodide, and esthetic perception: An in vitro pilot study. American Journal of Dentistry, 29, 248–250.
Sayed, M., Matsui, N., Hiraishi, N., Nikaido, T., Burrow, M. F., & Tagami, J. (2018). Effect of glutathione bio-molecule on tooth discoloration associated with silver diammine fluoride. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(5), 1322.
Wilson, A. D., & McLean, J. W. (1988). Glass-ionomer cement. Quintessence Publishing Co.
Bhavana, K., Uloopi, K. S., Vinay, C., Chaitanya, P., Ramesh, M. V., & Ahalya, P. (2024). A randomized controlled trial evaluating the clinical performance of bioactive restorative material and resin-modified glass ionomer cement in carious molar restorations. International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 17(10), 1109–1113.
Gutierrez, D., Marjorie, A., Kelly, P., C. G. A., Cristina, A., & Mahita, K. (2025). Revolutionizing adult oral care: Silver diamine fluoride’s minimally invasive role. Bioinformation, 21(12), 4724–4729.
Cleary, J., Al-Hadidi, R., Scully, A., Yahn, W., Zaid, Z., Boynton, J. R., Eckert, G. J., Yanca, E., & Fontana, M. (2022). A 12-month randomized clinical trial of 38% SDF vs. restorative treatment. JDR Clinical & Translational Research, 7(2), 135–144.
Mohapatra, S., & Mohandas, R. (2025). Clinical outcome success of silver-modified atraumatic restorative treatment (SMART) in treating children with dental caries in primary teeth: A systematic review. Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU, 15(1), 4–10.
BinSaleh, S., Sulimany, A. M., Aldowsari, M. K., Al-Homaidhi, M., Alkuait, N., Almashham, L., & Alghamdi, N. (2023). Evaluation of the shear bond strength of a tricalcium silicate-based material to four self-adhering glass ionomer materials: An in vitro study. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 11, 1303005.
Ergül, R., Aksu, S., Çalışkan, S., & Tüloğlu, N. (2024). Shear bond strength of calcium silicate-based cements to glass ionomers. BMC Oral Health, 24(1), 140.
Bin-Shuwaish, M. S. (2020). Shear bond strength of bulk-fill composites to resin-modified glass ionomer evaluated by different adhesion protocols. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry, 12, 367–375.
Taher, N. M., & Ateyah, N. Z. (2007). Shear bond strength of resin modified glass ionomer cement bonded to different tooth-colored restorative materials. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 8(2), 25–34.
Prabhakar, A. R., Raj, S., & Raju, O. S. (2003). Comparison of shear bond strength of composite, compomer and resin modified glass ionomer in primary and permanent teeth: An in vitro study. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, 21(3), 86–94.
