Prevalence and its associated risk factors for oral lichen planus in Central Indian population
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/ajm.2026.9.01.44Keywords:
Oral lichen planus, prevalence, risk factors, Central India, tobacco, diabetes mellitusAbstract
Background: Oral lichen planus is a chronic immune-mediated mucosal disorder that may present with white striations, erythematous areas, erosions or ulcerations. It is clinically important because it can cause burning sensation, discomfort during eating and, in some cases, requires long-term surveillance due to its potentially malignant nature. Aim: The study aimed to assess the prevalence of oral lichen planus and its associated risk factors among the Central Indian population attending outreach programmes conducted by People’s College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 2000 patients screened during institutional outreach oral health programmes. Demographic details, tobacco habits, systemic history, perceived stress, oral hygiene status and local dental irritants were recorded using a predesigned proforma. Oral examination was carried out under adequate illumination, and clinically suspected cases of oral lichen planus were identified based on characteristic oral features. A biopsy was advised for erosive, atypical, or doubtful lesions. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Oral lichen planus was diagnosed in 44 patients, giving an overall prevalence of 2.2%. The condition was more common among females and among patients aged 40 and above. Reticular oral lichen planus was the most frequent clinical type, and buccal mucosa was the most commonly affected site. Significant associated factors included tobacco use, high perceived stress, diabetes mellitus, local dental irritation and poor oral hygiene. Conclusion: Oral lichen planus showed a prevalence of 2.2% in the screened Central Indian population. Community-based screening may help with early detection, risk factor identification, counselling, and timely referral for follow-up.
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