Journal of Nuclear Technology in Applied Science
The Egyptian Society of Radiation Science and Applications (ESRSA) is a nonprofit and nongovernmental organization was officially established in 2008. It aims to enlighten the society about the peaceful uses of radiation through publishing scientific research, and organizing scientific symposia and international conferences. This is achieved by cooperating with national and international scientific organizations, institutions and elite scientists.
Egyptian Society of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, (ESRSA)
Physical Security Assessments using Worst-Case Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks
Most of the nuclear and radiological facilities have physical security systems which include different types of intrusion detection cluster sensors. They should be kept active, valid and updated and follow the requirements of the nuclear regu latory authority at the national level and meet the recommendations of IAEA at the international level. Wireless sensor networks are crucial to many applications. Nuclear facilities security systems are one of the major uses for wireless sensor networks. The majority of studies conducted on wireless sensor networks con centrate on improving target coverage to save energy consumption and network costs. One of the most important issues to take into account, when researching the coverage problem of sensor networks is the problem of planar target analysis. This study presents a new coordinate-free sensor network coverage model for the plane target issue, based on Clifford algebra which is a strong tool. Additionally, the Clifford Algebra computations of the node coverage rate for the plane target in the sensor network are illustrated. After that, the sensor network’s worst-case coverage (maximum clearance path) for a plane target is provided which is used to provide security for nuclear facilities to prevent and find any intruders from making any troubles. Through simulation, the suggested algorithm’s dependability and optimality have been demonstrated. Furthermore, a comparison is given between the point target’s and the plane target’s breach weight. In this work, a hypothetical nuclear site was assumed for both security system analysis and sys tem effectiveness evaluation. The systematic analysis of vulnerability to intrusion (SAVI) program was used for evaluation process. SAVI determines the 10 vulner able paths as a measure of system effectiveness. A SAVI output result shows that the effectiveness of the security system, PE, along the worst vulnerability path was 82%. The System probability of detection PD was 94% of nuclear facility. This analysis concludes that the security system of HNRC facility is winning against the worst path of the terrorists attack and achieved its objective.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Application of a Graded Approach in the Management System Requirements to Radiation Protection for Nuclear Facility
A graded approach meets the requirements for all phases of a nuclear facility’s lifespan, including site selection, evaluation, design, construction, commissioning, operation, and decommissioning. The application of management system requirements should be assessed for each process, system, product item, component, structure, activity, service, or control. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) incorporates the principle of a graded approach as a fundamental element to ensure safety at nuclear facilities.This study utilizes a graded approach to implement management system requirements for radiation protection. It identifies key aspects that must be considered during grading. Management system requirements are largely relevant to the regulation of the working environment, human resource management, strategic planning, and performance monitoring and evaluation.The paper illustrates the implementation of an organized methodology for applying radiation protection requirements. It presents practical examples such as the categorization of work areas and the subsequent classification of zones within each area, control of access to these areas, establishment of local regulations, supervision of work activities, monitoring of workplaces and individuals, planning and authorization of work permits, and provision of appropriate protective clothing and equipment.The importance of applying the graded approach to enhance facility safety is emphasized through common practical examples. The study highlights the necessity of familiarizing staff with the characteristics of the facility or activity in order to prepare reference documents for operational procedures according to safety significance and complexity. Consideration is given to potential impacts on human life, health, and the environment, required corrective actions for possible consequences of unanticipated events or improperly performed activities, levels of control in relation to available resources, and associated risks.Moreover, a case study addressing both external and internal radiation doses received by facility staff is presented as a practical example of optimization using the graded approach.
Copyright (c) 2025 Salama S, Tawfik Y E, Mahmoud R M M, Abdelaziz Y A (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Quantum Simulation of Cold Fusion in the Medium of Superfluid Helium
The present paper explores the quantum simulation of cold fusion phenomena using superfluid helium. Leveraging the unique properties of superfluid helium, such as ultracold temperatures and stability, an approach has been taken to simu late D-D nuclear fusion relevant to cold fusion scenarios with Quantum Monte Carlo Methods and Density Functional Theory.Furthermore the present study investigates quantum degeneracy effects, including Bose-Einstein condensation and superfluidity that influence reaction dynamics and product distributions. Based on computational simulations and theoretical analysis the interplay be tween nuclear dynamics and quantum phenomena in cold fusion has been eluci dated.The present study proposes a promising approach to unlock the mysteries of cold fusion research and realizing practical fusion energy applications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Makar A K (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Enhancing the Storability of Coated Broccoli Heads Using Irradiated Chitosan Combined with Olive Leaves Extract
Broccoli is one of the most important nontraditional vegetable crops in Egypt. It gains its importance from its high nutritional value, but there are some obstacles facing broccoli storage such as florets yellowing, high respiration rate which lead to increase weight loss and chlorophyll degradation. thus, this experiment was carried out during the two successive seasons of 2023/2024 and 2024/2025 to evaluate the effect of both un-irradiated and irradiated chitosan (CS) with 25kGy gamma rays combined with 1 and 2% of olives leaves extract (OLE) as an edible coating to enhance the storage ability of broccoli heads under cold storage conditions (5o and 90-95% RH). Data revealed that, broccoli heads coated with irradiated chitosan with 25kGy combined with 1% followed by 2% of OLE retained the highest quality and freshness for up to 28 days, recording the the lowest weight loss percentage and decay score compared to un-coated broccoli heads. Also, it was observed that coated heads scored higher general appearance, pigment concentration (chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll), total soluble phenols and total free amino acids concentrations as well as total antioxidant percentage compared to uncoated broccoli heads. Thus, OLE incorporated into irradiated CS coating; relatively preserves the nutritional quality of broccoli heads during storage period.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amr M Mounir, A M El-Hefny, Asmaa Ezz El-Dein, Israa F M Eldehn (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effect of Gamma Radiation on Protein Content of Honey Bee Queen After Mating (Apis mellifera)
This study investigated the effects of low doses of gamma irradiation on the biological activity and fertility of honeybee queens (Apis mellifera) by examining brood production and protein profiles. Queens exposed to 20 and 30 rad showed a significant increase in brood area, with the 20 rad dose yielding the highest mean brood area, reflecting a stimulatory effect on reproductive activity. In contrast, higher doses of 40 and 50 rad caused a marked decline in brood production, suggesting a threshold beyond which radiation becomes detrimental. Biochemical analyses revealed that total protein content was highest at 20 rad, with a gradual decrease at higher doses, indicating dose-dependent effects on protein synthesis or stability. Electrophoretic profiling confirmed these biochemical changes, showing enhanced protein band intensity and diversity at low radiation levels and suppression at higher doses. Overall, the findings suggest that sub-lethal doses of gamma radiation can enhance certain physiological and reproductive functions in honeybee queens, while excessive exposure impairs these processes.
Apis mellifera Honeybee queen-Gamma irradiation-Protein analysis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sameh G Sawires, Mohamed M Abdel-Monsef, Doaa A Darwish (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Biological effects of gamma radiation on Galleria mellonella (L.)
The efficiency of gamma radiation doses was tested against some biological aspects of the progeny of Galleria mellonella. Male and/or female full-grown pupae were irradiated with 40, 100, 160, 200 and 260Gy. The results showed that the fecundity, % egg hatchability, % pupation and adult emergence were negatively correlated with the dose increase. On the other hand, % sterility, egg incubation period and the larval duration were increased significantly (p<0.05) with the increase of doses used. In general, the results indicated that the biological activity of gamma irradiation against G. mellonella larvae was more remarkable when both crossed females and males were irradiated followed by irradiated females crossed with non-irradiated males.
Copyright (c) 2025 H M Salem, M A Hussein, S E Hafez, S A Rizk, R M Sayed (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Sorption Study of Cobalt and some Toxic Compounds from Contaminated Water using Natural Material
The present work describes raw banana peel (RBP) adsorption characteristics for chlorophenols from tap and river water samples. Also, aminated banana peel (AmBP) was prepared by the oxidative cleavage treatment of raw-BP from carbonyl groups, which were further reacted with ammonia to create new amine and imine groups in BP to give the resulting. FTIR, SEM, and XRD analyses described the derived adsorbents. Prepared AmBP was used for the removal of cobalt (II), the RBP was applied for removing 4-chloro-2-nitrophenol,4-chlorophenol, and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol from tap and river water before quantification with ICP OES for cobalt and HPLC-UV for chlorophenols. The absorption was maximal at pH 7.0 for cobalt (II), and pH 5.0 for chlorophenols. The shaking time was 30 minutes, and the adsorbent weight was 0.1 g. Desorption was affected by 0.1 mol/l HCl and 50% (v/v) methanol, respectively. Monolayer capacity adsorption by Langmuir isotherm was 8.5 mg/g for cobalt and from 6.5 to 10.5 mg/g for chlorophenols. Removal of the studied pollutants from tap water and river water was applied, and they showed capture ranging from 88.9-108.1 % for cobalt and from 80- 92% for chlorophenols.
Radiation Shielding Development to Increase Radiation Safety of Cobalt-60 Irradiators J.s (9900) big irradiator
This study presents the modification of a high-activity Cobalt-60 irradiator (2 megacuries) to function as a multi-purpose irradiator through the application of radiation physics, shielding penetration analysis, and design engineering. A new safe irradiation trace has been developed to enable experimental irradiation processing alongside mass production operations. The modified design incorporates a maze system that allows experimental products to be placed in two specially designed boxes outside the new maze entrance. These boxes travel through safely engineered maze legs into the interior concrete shielding zone and stop behind the primary product boxes positioned in front of the radiation source rack.Following the predetermined irradiation exposure period, the experimental boxes exit through the newly proposed path. The study details the maze system design, including the calculation of maximum exposure rates at various locations—specifically the outer surfaces of primary concrete shields (walls and roof) and along the trace distances. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to evaluate the redesigned irradiator, which features complex geometrical configurations. Three-dimensional flux distributions were calculated at multiple positions within the irradiator, and gamma volume dose rates were accurately determined. The results support the safety and feasibility of incorporating experimental irradiation processes within the high-capacity gamma irradiator system.
Copyright (c) 2025 Marwa A M Mahdy, Keshk A B, Bassam W Abou Shousha, Taha M Tiama, Azza A R A El kader (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Investigation of Gamma Shielding Parameters for different High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) fillers
This research is about studying the effect of adding some oxides, specifically cadmium and lead oxides at different substitution ratios to high-density polyethylene (HDPE) on the radiation protection properties of gamma rays. Based on this, we find that the polymer is characterized by the light weight of the protective material and increased flexibility in handling, while the lead and cadmium oxide fillings play their role as basic radiation attenuators in the polymer compound. High-density polyethylene (HD-PE) polymer composite samples filled with lead and cadmium oxides in the filler weight ratios of [5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) were prepared. Then, the HD-PE samples filled with (5% by weight, 10% by weight, 15% by weight, 20% by weight) micronized cadmium oxide and micronized PBO were charectrized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After that they were exposed to gamma rays emitted from radioactive point sources [241Am, 133Ba, 137Cs, and 60Co],in order to determine some parameter as leaner attenuation coefficients, mass attenuation coefficients, and half value layer for HDPE composites in the wide photon energy ranges ( 59.53, 80.99, 121.78, 244.69, 344.28, 356.01, 661.66, 778.90, 964.13, 1173.25, 1332.50, and 1408.01) KeV, respectively, which cover low and intermediate energy ranges and this was done using a highly pure germanium (HPGe) cylindrical detector. The obtained results for the shielding properties were compared with that for pure HDPE(without fillers) to study the effect of micro-CdO and micro-PbO content on the radiation shielding properties of HDPE. The measurements showed that HDPE filled with such oxides has good shielding properties for low and medium energy gamma rays. In addition, the experimentally measured values ​​were compared with that calculated theoretically ​​by XCOM program and the comparison showed a remarkable agreement between them.
Copyright (c) 2024 Samy Dwidar, Mahmoud T . Alabsy (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Scientific Methods for Preserving Archaeological Metal Artifacts in Egyptian Museum Environments.
This research studied the significance of protecting metal artifacts in museums due to their cultural value and the challenges they face from environmental and chemical factors that cause deterioration. Types of Metal Artifacts include gold, silver, copper, bronze, iron, electrum, and platinum, each metal has different levels of resistance to corrosion. Gold and platinum were more resistant, while copper, bronze, and iron are more prone to rust and patina formation. Factors affecting deterioration include humidity, temperature, air pollutants, human contact, light (especially UV) and biological factors like microorganisms, all of them cause oxidation, corrosion, and surface damage. Preservation Methods involve controlling the environment (humidity, temperature), using protective packaging and coatings, ensuring safe display conditions, and performing regular inspections with advanced technologies like microscopes and X-rays. Cleaning techniques range from mechanical and laser cleaning to careful chemical treatments to remove dirty spots, rust, and corrosion without damaging the artifacts. Modern protective methods include Nano coatings, ultrasonic cleaning, and electronic devices like X-rays to assess and treat corrosion.
Copyright (c) 2024 Talat H A, Hatem G M, Nagwa HA (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Two-Phase Sub-Cooled Heat-Pipe at Different Regimes
The development of novel sub-cooled two-phase thermosyphon or heat-pipe devices is crucial for improving heat transfer efficiency. The properties are analyzed by the application of theoretical modeling and experimental observations of the sub-cooled heat loop during the heating-up, steady-state, and cooling-down stages. The heating rate effectiveness, cooling rate, and evaporator length of the sub-cooled heat-pipe are experimentally examined in the heating-up, steady-state, and cooling-down modes. The dynamic model of the sub-cooled heat-pipe is crucial for several applications including irregular operation in the current practical inquiry. The objective of this research is to develop a theoretical framework that appropriately models the dynamic features of the double-tube evaporator. This will be accomplished by analyzing several transient parameters during the warm-up, steady-state, and cool-down stages of operation. The model accurately replicates the phase and temperature characteristics of a sealed, sub-cooled heat-pipe that contains two distinct phases. The experimental results of the practical arrangement, which utilizes a thermal evaporator wall and a working fluid, exhibit a straightforward exponential pattern. The experimental measurements and theoretical model show a strong agreement.
Copyright (c) 2024 M Elsayed, A Abd El Badie, M S Mansour, M M Abdel Raouf , M A Eid (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Improvement of the Shelf-Life of Chrysophyllum Albidum(African Star Apple) Using Gamma Irradiation
Chrysophyllum albidum is native to tropical Africa. This seasonal plant has been found to contain more vitamin C than most fruits. In this study, gamma irradiation which offers an option of disinfecting and elongating the shelf life of fruits will be employed to improve the shelf life of C.albidum.Pest free fruits plucked at maturity were washed with brine and cleaned with ethanol. Four sets of fruits were irradiated with different gamma doses: 0, 250, 300 and 600 Gy. Moisture, Phenol, flavonoid and ascorbic acid content were determined for the various batches at weekly intervals. DPPH radical scavenging activities, total heterotrophic count, E. coli count, coliform count and fungal count were also determined.The percentage of the fruit that got spoilt with 300 Gy are 4.5%, 21.43% and 66.67% for week one, two and three respectively. The moisture content of all the batches ranged from 51.3 to 58.2%. Fresh sample of C.albidum has similar DPPH Radical Scavenging percentage inhibition as ascorbic acid. The flavonoid, phenol and ascorbic acid concentrations were 3.716, 1.107 and 1.585 mg/g respectively. The result showed almost no growth in total heterotrophic count, E. coli count, coliform count and fungal count for most of the irradiated samples.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nwankwo C, Oyeyemi S, Owoade L, Adeyemo A., Jam T, Adeniran B (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Assessment of Ventilation and Air Cleaning System Design Approaches for Nuclear Safety Requirement during Accidental Conditions in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities
Safe operation of the nuclear and radiological facilities requires coners and the environment according to ALARA principle. Most nuclear paper provides and evaluates four different design concepts or safety per-formance approaches of the ventilation and air cleaning system (VACS)that can be used to achieve safety and adequate protection in nuclearventilation and air cleaning system protection and a discussion of se-and their engineered and administrative safety features.Finally a conclusion of the selection of the best design concept is recom-mended.Brassica Oleracea L.Var Italica) Powder Journal of NUCLEAR Technology in Applied Science ISSN 2314-8209 e-ISSN 2314-8217Brassica Oleracea L.Var Italica) Powder Journal ofNUCLEARTechnology in Applied Science ISSN 2314-8209 e-ISSN 2314-8217ji/Jers, Fire andfinement of radioactive and toxic materials involved behind suitable barriers which provide sufficient shielding. This is to minimize the internal and external radiation hazards at prescribed limits to protect plant work facilities can expect to have at least one fire accident during its operating life. Such fire events are energized with the potential to damage confinement barriers and transport radioactive materials out of the building. This fuel cycle facilities during fire and accidental criticality conditions. The work presents a summary of the recent international requirements for lected fire protection considerations in designing nuclear facilities.
Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Effect of Chromium and Selenium-Eon Progesterone and Estradiol-17p Levels during Reproductive Cycle of Baladi Female Goats under Egyptian Conditions
The effect of chromium and selenium with vitamin E on progester ) and estradiol-17 ~ (E) levels of Baladi female goats was the objective of this study as new techniques for improving the reproduc tive perfonnance of Egyptian goats. Seventy-two of mature Baladi does were used through two conditions of mild and hot climates (36 animals / season). The animals were randomly divided into three equal groups, is the control group, the 2 group was supplemented by chromium in capsules and the 3 group was intramuscularly injected twice a week with 2ml VITESELEN®, (0.5 mg selenium and 10.7 IU vitamin E, Se-E). Serum honnones levels were assessed in the three experimental goats at the estrous, pregnancy and postpartum periods. The results showed that P levels during estrous cycle and mid-pregnancy periods were significantly higher in mild climate than in hot climate while opposite trend was found during early and late pregnancy as well as postpartum period. E levels during postpartum period were significantly higher in hot climate than in mild while during estrous cycle no significant differences in E2 levels due to season. Chromium showed significant (P<0.05) increase in P levels in goats during each of estrous cycle and pregnancy periods and showed significant decrease in P levels in goats during postpartum period as com pared with control. Selenium-E significantly increased the concentration in goats during each of the luteal phase of estrous cycle, pregnancy and at 30 day postpartum periods as compared with control. The opposite trend was found at 15 and 45 days postpartum. No significant difference
Physico-Chemical and Organolyptical Characteristics Of Cake Fortified By Irradiated Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea L.Var Italica) Powder
The present study aims to improve the antioxidant and antimicrobialproperties of cake and produce low calorie cake through substitution of wheat flour (WF) by irradiated broccoli ( L.varpowder. In this study broccoli heads powder and broccoli leaves powder were gamma irradiated at dose levels of 0, 3, 5 and 7 kGy. Results showed that ethanolic (70%) extract of irradiated broccoli heads powder (IBHP) and irradiated broccoli leaves powder (IBLP) at a dose level of 5 kGy had higher total phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AOA) compared to control and other doses. Thus, IBHP and IBLP at dose level of 5 kGy were selected for fortification of cake. IBHP was used to substitute (0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5 %) of WF in making cake, as well,replacement ofWF (0, 1, 2 and 3%) by IBLP. The results showed that the cake processed from IBHP and IBLP had pronounced improvement(%) in its chemical composition (protein, lipids, ash and fiber content) while, the energy value and carbohydrate content decreased with increasing the replacement level. Also, the results showed that the TPC content, AOA, volume and specific volume were increased by increasing substitution level of IBHP and IBLP compared to control samples. On the other hand,total intensity, L * and a* values of the crust and crumb were decreased, whereas Chroma and b* values were increased for crumb and decreased for crust for all cake treatments by the addition of IBHP and IBLP compared to control sample. For microbiological properties, the results
Effect of Heat Stress on Reproductive and Productive Traits in Baladi and Crossbred Goat Does under Subtropical Conditions
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of heat stress on some reproductive and productive performance in purebred and crossbred female goats under both of hot (summer season) and mild climatic (winter season) conditions. Forty mature female goats (20 Baladi and 20 crossbred (50% Zaraibi x 50% Baladi) used in this research. Results - cundity were higher in experimental does during mild climate conditionsthan hot climate conditions. Birth weight recorded higher values in mild climate conditions in comparison with hot climate conditions. Concerning to breed, reproductive traits were higher in crossbred goat does compared with purebred goat does. Crossbred goat does showed higher (P<0.01 or P<0.0001) in all productive traits than Baladi goat does. Cortisol hormone concentration showed lower (P<0.0001) concentration under mild climate conditions than hot climate conditions during different stages of estrous cycle, pregnancy and postpartum periods. On the other in crossbred goat does compared with purebred does during different stages of estrous cycle, except diestrous period. Similar trend was found during pregnancy and postpartum periods (P<0.01 or P<0.0001). It could productive and productive traits of goats and in the same time, crossbred was better than purebred goats.
In Vitro Study to Recognize the Optimum Conditions Affecting the Endophytic Cellulase Production
In this study traditional microbiological isolation techniques were used to recognize cellulolytic activity of most potent isolates. The iso- Functional studies were carried out to determine the optimum pH, temperature, incubation period, inoculum size, carbon and nitrogen sources for screened isolate. High cellulase producing endophytic bacteria Achromobacter spanius, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from leaves, stems and roots of; Clover, Wheat, Lettuce, Spinach, Vicia Faba, Garlic, Dill, Olive, Acacia and Prosopis trees were subjected to controlled conditions in laboratory. Tested factors which believed to be effective on improving growth conditions were studied in vitro to achieve the highest production of cellulase enzyme. The highest values of cellulase were produced by Achromobacter spanius (2.50 mg/ml) followed by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (2.26 mg/ml) after 6 days of incubation. The optimum conditions resulted in optimum cellulase production were 30°C at pH 6 for Achromobacter and Bacillus while the optimum conditions for Stenotrophomonas was 40°C at pH 7. Isolates produced the highest values of cellulase with ammonium sulphate and 30 g/l glucose as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively. Achromobacter was more effective in producing cellulase than Bacillus and Stenotrophomonas. This was true under all the tested conditions.
Evaluation of a Primary Treatment Unit for the Cooling Water of a Nuclear Power Plant
It is essential to have an effective treatment program and controlmethodology for a nuclear power plant cooling water system. As the ac- cumulation and growth of cooling water deposits reduce the overall heat transfer coefficient and have an adverse effect on the operation of equip-ments, plant availability, production, and maintenance cost. The studyaims at evaluationof using a primary treatment unit debris filter as a con-trolling of fouling formation, in a nuclear power plant located in coastal area. Selecting Sedi kerir, and Sidi Abdelrahman cooling water channel for the proposed nuclear power plant. Samples of the two selected sites had been taken and some physicochemical and biological parameters were analyzed such as (pH, total alkalinity, total dissolved solids, suspended solids, temperature and total count of microalgae). A mathematical modelhas been used also in order to help in evaluation of the suggested pretreat-ment unit. The results has showed that sea water temperature used at the two selected sites (Sidi kerir, and Sidi Abdelrahman below 1250F that mean low fouling factor, also the measured physicochemical and biologi-cal parameter concentrations at the proposed two selected sites increase the probability of fouling formation at these sites. As a using of suggested debris filter pretreatment unit for cooling water at the two selected sites,will help in decreasing the probability of fouling formation at these site.
Enhancing and Development of Human Resources Capabilities for Nuclear Facilities in the Arab Countries Embarking on Nuclear Programs.
To achieve and maintain high levels of safety and security in nuclear facilities, these facilities must be staffed with an adequate number ofhighly qualified and experienced manpower and workforce who are duly aware of the technical and management requirements of safe operation.The main challenge facing countries embarking on nuclear power is to enhance the capacity building and human resources. This paper presents a regional strategic road map to enhance and strengthen human resources capabilities in Arab Countries (ACs) embarking on nuclear power pro-grams, which is the case of United Arab Emirates (UAE), Egypt and Jordan. This strategic road map could be applied by establishing an Integrated Regional Administrative System (IRAS) within the frame-work of the Arab Network for Nuclear Regulators (ANNuR). The main objectives of this system are to activate, support and enhance capacity building and human resources development programs. This system could be administrated under the umbrella and supervision of both AAEA (Arab Atomic Energy Authority) and IAEA. This paper discusses and formulates a framework for the various aspects and structural compo-nents of this system. Egypt regulatory capabilities regarding nuclear andradiological regulatory activities are reviewed. The paper outlines anddiscusses the goals and capabilities of the AAEA and ANNuR regard-ing supporting IRAS objectives. Challenges and needs of ACs regarding nuclear energy utilization are reviewed. Emphasis is focused on Safety and Security (S&S) issues in ACs, and IRAS capabilities and its role for supporting and assisting ACs embarking on nuclear power.
Steady State Thermal Hydraulic Model for PWR Light Water Reactors
Thermal-hydraulic analysis of nuclear reactors is very important topredict the temperature distribution in the reactor core elements, such asfuel cladding and fuel rods. Power reactors cores are composed of cylin-drical fuel rods that contain fuel pellets, gap and cladding. Our goal willbe to calculate the fuel and coolant temperature distribution and pressure gradient in an average and hot channel and others safety limits.The present paper introduces a simple one dimensional Fortran pro-gram called PWRTH for steady state Thermal Hydraulic (TH) calcula-tions and fuel elements heat conduction for Pressurized Water Reactors.A parametric analysis for obtaining the maximum possible reactor powerrespecting safety limits is performed.
Efficacy of gamma irradiated Steinernema carpocapsae BA2 against ( 47 ) Journal of Corcyra cephalonica and Ephestia kuehniella
The effect of different doses of gamma radiation (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 Gy) on the infective juveniles (IJs) of Steinernema carpocapsae was studied. The results showed a positive correlation between mortality and the storage period of the infective juveniles. The susceptibility of Corcyra cephalonica and Ephestia kuehniella to both unirradiated and gamma-irradiated (2 and 3 Gy) Steinernema carpocapsae was evaluated based on daily larval mortality. It was observed that larval mortality increased when gamma-irradiated nematodes were used, as they required less time to cause larval morbidity. In contrast, the reproductive rate of the nematodes decreased after irradiation.
Copyright (c) 2023 Khalaf HHA, El Saadani RMA, Mervat M Anwar, Hamed Aly, Salem HM, Hussein MA, Sayed RM1 (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Morphological and Cellular Alterations by Gamma Radiation and Grew Under Drought ( 31 ) Journal of Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Gamma radiation and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are widely used in various fields of research to induce stress and study its effects on plants. In this investigation, morphological characterization, as well as cellular and extracellular structure, were studied in wheat cultivar Sids 13.Gamma radiation at doses of 50 and 100 Gy negatively affected shoot and root lengths, causing reductions of 3 cm and 8 cm (shoot) and 2 cm and 5 cm (root), respectively. Similarly, PEG concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20% led to decreases in shoot length by 8, 11, and 13 cm and in root length by 5, 7, and 8.5 cm, respectively. The combined effects of gamma radiation and PEG further intensified the reductions in shoot and root lengths, with decreases ranging from 10 to 15 cm and 5 to 8.5 cm, respectively.Gamma radiation and PEG also affected the cellular and ultrastructural integrity of wheat, as revealed by light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These techniques showed changes in cell size, cell wall thickness, organelle morphology, and other intracellular structures. This study highlights the morphological and cellular impacts of radiation doses, PEG concentrations, and their combined effects on wheat cv. Sids 13.
Copyright (c) 2023 Khalaf H H A, El Saadani RMA, Mervat M Anwar, Hamed Aly, Awad A, Adly M, El-fiki A (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Isolation and Characterization of Phosphate Solubilizing Fungus in Vitro
Series of laboratory (in vitro) examinations were carried out to recognizethe most potent fungi isolates and optimum culture conditions helps in solubilizing sparing phosphate in soil. Therefore, the present study aimed to isolate and screening of phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF), study the contribution of PSF on solubilization of tri-calcium phosphate through excretion of acid and alkaline phosphatase and determine the optimal conditions for phosphate solubilization. From 12 fungal isolates, only four were chosen depending on their capacity to convert tri-calcium – P into soluble one. In this regard, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ficuum and Fusarium oxysporum were efficient in producing halo zone around the colonies on petri dish. Aspergillus niger was the most efficient phosphate solubilizer on Pikovskaya’s agar plates (PVK) achieving solubilization index (PSI) 2.4, followed by Aspergillus flavus with a SI= 2.3. The perfect activities of selected fungal isolates were detected with incubation periods 7 days and temperature 30°C for maximumphosphate solubilization, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities, pH 7.0 for maximum phosphate solubilization, pH 6.0 for maximum acid phosphatase activity while pH 8.0 was suitable for maximum alkaline phosphatase activity for both A. niger and A.flavus.
Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Thermal Hydraulic Evaluation of a proposed annular Fuel for VVER1000 Reactor
Thorium based fuel is a promising fuel as it reduces the radiation protection cost of safety and improves the fuel performance with high burnup capability. In this paper the core of VVER-1000 nuclear reactor is designed with (Th0.9U0.1) O2 annular fuel rod for internally and externallycooled (dual cooled) fuel. Thermal performance of the present case is analyzed using ANSYS CFD code. Equivalent cell including a fuel rod and its surrounding coolant within a hexagonal assembly in the hot channel is simulated to get the maximum fuel temperature and maximum clad temperature. The results are compared with the calculated results obtained for the conventional UO2 fuel rod. Critical Heat Flux (CHF) and minimum DNBR are obtained and validated. The results indicated that the maximum fuel temperature of (Th0.9U0.1) O2 annular fuel is lower than that of the UO2 fuel by about 530oK. Lower maximum temperature and flatten temperature distribution in the thorium-based annular fuel rod provides more thermal safety margin in the reactor.
The Therapeutic Role of Ziziphus Extract on Liver Injury Induced by Electromagnetic Waves and Ionizing Radiation as Environmental Pollutants
This study shows to what extent treatment with Ziziphus mauri tiana Lam can ameliorate the hazards induced by exposing animals to EMW with a frequency of 950 MHz and 4 Gy single dose of gamma ionizing radiation in serum and liver tissue. Rats were segregated into six groups control, EMW, whole body γ- irradiation, EMW followed by γ- irradiation and EMW followed by Ziziphus extract then exposed to γ- irradiation groups. Irradiation with 4 Gy γ- rays significantly increased the levels of serum Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) activities; with substantial reductions in liver glutathione peroxidase (GPx), while lipid peroxides as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP 70), Nuclear Factor κB (NFkB) and tumor suppressor protein (P53) levels significantly increased in liver tissue after EMW or ionizing radiation exposure. However, these effects became marked in all parameters in Group 5 as compared either to Group 3 or 4. Interestingly, among the tested parameters, ziziphus extract showed significant recovery in the previous biochemical parameters. Ziziphus extract is effective antioxi dants and could be attenuate oxidative damages caused by electromag netic and ionizing radiation.
Organic Compounds and Inorganic Metals Removal from Wastewater Using Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter lwoffii
Wastewater contains high levels of organic material, numerous pathogenic microorganisms, as well as nutrients and toxic compounds. Wastewater samples were collected from influent of different wastewater treatment plant. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter lwoffii were isolated from the samples and these isolates were screened for the re duction of wastewater components which estimated by COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), and TSS (Total Suspended Solids) values. Wastes reduction by the isolated bacteria using different pH values, incubation temperatures, inoculum volume, static and dynamic condition with different incubation periods and bioremedia ion the variable concentrations of metals in singles and mixtures states were studied. Our investigate show the optimum conditions at pH 7, 35˚C, dynamic condition, 0.5% standard inoculum volume for K.pneumoniae and 2% for A.lwoffii, 48 hours’ incubation period, and metals concentra tions 5ppm.
The Molecular Effect of Curcumin Subsidized by Radiation on HepG2 cell lines
Cancer is a major health problem around the world. Cancer treat ment depends on radiation therapy sometimes in combination with che motherapy or hormonal therapy. The treatment of cancer with radiation and chemotherapy cause several unwanted harmful side effects. Turmeric (Curcuma longa), is a type of herb widely used as a spice. Recent re searches have shown that curcumin, the active component of turmeric possesses anticancer properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of γ-radiation and curcumin each of them alone or combined on HepG2 cell line proliferation, p53, Her2/neu, and MMP9 gene expression, and total antioxidant capacity. HepG2 cells were exposed to γ-radiation (R), or treated with different concentrations of curcumin alone or combined with each other. The cell viability was examined by MTT assay. Gene ex pression of p53, Her2/neu, and MMP9 were evaluated by using real-time QPCR. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was also measured. Cur cumin or R alone or combined decreased cell viability and induced cell death in a dose-and time-dependent manner when compared to untreated group. Curcumin and R induced p53 gene expression, while reduced Her2/neu, and MMP9 expression. Furthermore, the TAC was decreased in the treated groups compared to the untreated. Conclusion: Curcumin can sensitize HepG2 cells to radiation and would potentiate the effect of radiotherapy in cancer..
Influence of Adaptive Statistical Iterative Reconstruction (ASIR) algorithm on Dose Reduction and Image Quality in CT Chest with contrast Examination compared with the FBP techniques
Presented study aims to estimate the influence of Adaptive Statisti cal Iterative Reconstruction (ASIR) algorithm on dose reduction and images quality on Computed tomography (CT) Chest with contrast ex amination compared with the traditional Filter back projection tech niques (FBP). Patients were performed by two scanner using two reconstruction techniques, FBP in 28 patients and ASIR algorithm in 22 patients. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Contrast-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) were compared between FBP and ASIR images, CT im ages were tested on different percentage ASIR (0%, 30%, 50%, and 80%). Then, FBP and ASIR images were compared again. Computed tomography dose index volume (CTDIVOL) and effective doses (EDs) recorded simultaneously. Images quality parameters were estimated at the level of the carina in the descending thoracic aorta. Resulting data assessed by two techniques (FBP, ASIR) were compared statisti cally. The average image quality in FBP was superior to that of ASIR images. SNR were (16.50±5.91, 7.58±0.81BMI <30) (12.78±8.63, 8.37±3.51, BMI >30), CNR were (11.88±5.60, 5.35±0.94, BMI <30), (8.85±7.60, 5.39±2.72, BMI >30) for FBP, ASIR respectively. Signifi cant increase in the SNR and CNR was observed with increased per centage of ASIR. ASIR had a statistically significantly (P= 0.048) lower CTDIvol (9.57±1.08) than the conventional FBP (13.71±3.45), with the use of ASIR, ED were slight differ compared with FBP, the
The use of Radiation Grafted LDPE for the Removal of Malachite Green Dye from Wastewater
Removal of malachite green dye (MG) from industrial wastewater has been investigated using low density polyethylene (LDPE)-grafted–gly cidylmethacrylate (GMA) then chemically modified with diethylamine (DEA), hydroxylamine (HA) or phosphoric acid (H3PO4). The effects of various factors; initial dye concentration, pH, contact time, temperature …etc on the adsorption process were studied and optimal experimental conditions were ascertained. The adsorption of MG on the prepared ad sorbents were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scan ning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The contact time at equilibrium was found to be 120 minutes at pH=5.8 and temperature 40oC. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to the data obtained at equilibrium. The maximum removal of dye was found to be 98% for the grafted film treated with phosphoric acid indicating that the prepared films would be a good alternative for the removal of MG dye from wastewater with high efficiency and good tool economically.
Roles and Responsibilities of TSOs in Strengthening the Design and Performance of NPPs.
The provision of effective technical support is essential to optimize the safe operation of nuclear power plants (NPPs) and to maximize their availability and productivity. Renewed interest in new reactor build pro grams, not only in countries with already established nuclear programs but also in many other countries with limited or no work force expe rienced in the design, licensing, construction and operation of nuclear power plants, has resulted in a need for technical, scientific and support organizations (TSOs) to support regulatory bodies in carrying out their mandated responsibilities.